Deportation Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1458 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Yes, if Mr. Adams accepts the offer and is faced with deportation, his likelihood of success on an ineffectiveness claim would depend on how easily the average criminal defense attorney could have determined that the crime to which he pled was a deportable offense. This scenario does not state what Mr. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Deportation Law" essay for you Create order Adams is pleading guilty to. Under the immigration statute U.SC 1227(a)(2)(B)(i), states that any alien is deportable for anything related to a controlled substance unless it is for a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own use of thirty grams or less of marijuana. Mr. Adams declared that he wanted to understand the immigration consequences in order to decide whether to accept the plea. However, his attorney rejected to explain the immigration consequences himself and directed him over to an immigration clinic located in a law school where a student advises him that his crime has no deportation consequences. The reason that Mr. Adams would have success on an ineffectiveness claim due to how easily the average criminal defense attorney could have determined if the crime was deportable is because of the ruling in Padilla v. Kentucky. Padillaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s counsel gave the wrong advice about deportation which caused Padillaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plea to automatically deport him. It was determined in the this case that Padillaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attorney could have very easily confirmed that Padillaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plea would automatically make him eligible for deportation by merely scanning the immigration statute on controlled substances. Likewise, in this particular case with Mr. Adams, his attorney could have simply read the same immigration statute and told Mr. Adams that his plea would automatically trigger deportation. The court in Padilla did acknowledge that immigration law is a very complex law and attorneys that are not well versed in it would perhaps not understand. Howeve r, they determined that when a law is succinct and straightforward, the responsibility and obligation to give correct advice is clear and when the law is not clear or succinct the attorney, at the bare minimum, tell their client they may face deportation consequences. As a result, Mr. Adams has a good chance of success on an ineffectiveness claim against his attorney. The attorney could have easily read the immigration statute and told Mr. Adams that his plea would trigger deportation and Mr. Adams would have chosen another option rather than accepting the plea. Even if the law was not succinct or straightforward, the attorney still had the obligation to let Mr. Adams know that there were deportation consequences. Yes, along with question number one, Mr. Adams is guaranteed to succeed on his ineffectiveness claim. Strickland v. Washington, (466 U.S. 668, 1984) states that defendants are permitted to having the effective assistance of competent counsel. The Strickland case posed that to prove ineffectiveness of counsel the defendant must show that 1) performance of counsel was objectively unreasonable and 2) prejudice in the sense that counselsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ errors were serious enough that the defendant would not have pled guilty if given correct advice. The fact that in question one, Mr. Adams attorney could have clearly read the immigration statute and gave his client a clear answer clearly shows that the performance was objectively unreasonable. Secondly, the fact that Mr. Adamsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attorney could have conducted a brief web search of the immigration clinic and saw numerous complaints about the legal advice also shows his performance as counsel was unreasonable. When you put these two together, the counselsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ errors were serious enough that Mr. Adams would have never accepted the plea if he knew he would automatically be deported if he accepted it. Justice Rehnquistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s majority opinion rejected to extend its holding in Douglas. It was held that having a counsel appointed to a defendant is only mandatory on an appeal that is granted as of right, without needing consent of the appellate court. The court furthermore characterized the situation of a defendant at the trial and appellate stages of a proceeding. Counsel is only required when it is a matter of due process and it is the attorney for the state who is prosecuting a case. However, on appeal, the defendant is the one who is initiating the process of requesting review. The court additionally reminded that appeals are not required by due process. Furthermore, the court also affirms that there really is no need for appointed counsel during a discretionary appeal. The court explains by showing that on discretionary appeals, an indigent defendant has already had the help of a lawyer in organizing and preparing briefings during the first level of appeal. Therefore, the court says that those briefs are going to be used during the discretionary review. Secondly, the indigent defendant already has a transcript of the record in the trial court reproduced and thirdly, they could possibly have a decision recorded by the first appellate court that a greater court can use in order to review the issues at hand. With all this being said, the court says there is enough material to effectively and sufficiently guarantee that a review request by the greater court is meaningful. When it comes to the dissent in this case, Justice Douglas is joined by Justice Marshall and Justice Brennan. All three justices agree with Chief Judge Haynsworth s opinion who believes that the most meaningful review of the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s criminal conviction would be at the North Caroline Supreme Court. Thus, counsel is essential to the process. The dissenting justices, reviewing a conviction is of utmost important when it comes to fairness and it must require counsel assistance. They believe that all the briefings from the first appeal and all of the records do not address the issue that the Supreme Court has to resolve which is whether the particular case is worthy of review. The justices also believe that appointed counsel is essential at further appeal stage because arranging a petition of certiorari is very technical in nature and a indigent defendant will be particularly incapable to negotiate. Lastly, they assert that is would be tremendously easy to have the exact same appointed counsel from the earlier appeal to remain the defendants counsel in the later stages of appeal. As a result, Justice Douglas and the other woul d have ruled that the fairness of the due process clause and equal protection equality would demand appointed counsel in discretionary appeals. Overall, if Justice Rehnquist accepted the dissentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view about relative need, he would not have to overrule Douglas v. California (372 U.S. 353, 1963). It states in Ross v. Moffitt that the fourteenth amendmentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ due process clause does not require North Carolina to offer the defendant with an attorney on his discretionary appeal to the State Supreme Court. The Douglas issue was whether the assistance of counsel during the first appeal of right is a fundamental right in which they decided that indigent petitioners are indeed entitled to appointed counsel at the appellate level. However, the dissent in Ross v. Moffitt, (417 U.S. 600, 1974) by Justice Douglas, Brennan and Marshall are essentially arguing that there should be a right to appointed counsel beyond the first appeal as of right. Thus, Justice Re hnquist accepting the dissent does not necessarily mean he would have to overrule Douglas v. California, (372 U.S. 353, 1963) but to go ahead and extend the ruling to having an appointed counsel beyond the first appeal as of right. The courts holding in Mr. Goodbarsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ case is supported by Strickland v. Washington, (466 U.S. 668, 1984). In the Strickland case, in order to achieve relief due to ineffective assistance of counsel, a criminal defendant has to pass a two prong test about his/her counselsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ assistance during the proceeding. The first test has to show that their counselsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. The second test has to show that the counselsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ lacking performance gives a rational likelihood that, if counsel had performed effectively, the result of the proceeding would have been different. In this particular case, Mr. Goodbar did not show any proof of his counsel doing anything unreasonable or omitting something that should have been said or shown during the proceeding. He is merely presenting the court with a copy of a study that determined that indigents charged with non-capital murder in Philadelphia between 1994- 2005, had a lesser chance of receiving a life sentence if they were represented by a public defender than assigned counsel. Just presenting a study does not show in any way that counsel was ineffective in his/her assistance. Strickland v. Washington (466 U.S. 668, 1984) clearly states that if a defendant wants to prove an ineffectiveness claim they must have proof of counselsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ inadequate performance and because of that inadequacy the result would have been different. Therefore, without proof of being deprived of effective assistance to counsel, the courts holding will stand accordingly.

Ethics and Government - 2590 Words

Ethics and Government Angela M. Roberson SOC 120: Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility Professor Kay Green May 30, 2010 Ethics is defined as a set of principles of right conduct. It is also a theory or a system of moral values (Merriman/Webster online dictionary). Government Ethics is often times referred to an oxy-moron. The reason for this is that many believe that our government does not have ethics in decision making. In this paper I will attempt to analyze the links between laws and ethics and how they have a relationship with one another. I will also explain how our government and ethics have a connection and how this connection can be made better. In recent months there have been several government issues going.†¦show more content†¦The second requirement for in issue to be an applied ethical issue is that it must be a moral issue. Sensitive issues like affirmative action, don’t ask don’t tell, health care reform and energy conservation are controversial and have an important impact on society. Fieser refers to some of these issues as issues of social policy. His d efinition of social policy is to help make a given society run efficiently by devising conventions, such as traffic laws, tax laws, and zoning codes. As for moral issues, he stated that it concerns more universally obligatory practices, such as our duty to avoid lying, and are not confined to individual societies. One example that he brought up was, â€Å"some social policies forbid residents in certain neighborhoods from having yard sales. But, so long as the neighbors are not offended, there is nothing immoral in itself about a resident having a yard sale in one of these neighborhoods.† Therefore, to qualify as an applied ethical issue, the issue must be more than one of mere social policy: it must be morally relevant as well (Fieser, 2006). The ethical process helps to explore the reasons for different positions, and to evaluate them by ethical standards. The process provides opportunities for mutual understanding and learning. By integrating the more traditionalShow Mor eRelatedThe Separation Of Ethics And Government1819 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Ethics is the manner by which we try to live our lives according to a standard of right or wrong† (Ghillyer). And government ethics is â€Å"the application of ethical rules to government† (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). The separation of ethics and government was seen with the unraveling of Hurricane Katrina, which was a category 4 hurricane that made landfall in New Orleans on August 29, 2005. New Orleans, Louisiana was a racially segregated city occupied predominately by a black majority and had defiedRead MoreEthics in the Federal Government2761 Words   |  12 PagesAre Ethics Laws in the Federal Government a Violation of Constitutional Rights? Abstract The paper explores the United States Government’s efforts to put in place laws that guide the ethical behavior of its civil service employees. From the founding of the nation, ensuring ethical behavior by government employees has been a recurring theme, and legislation, laws, and executive orders have been implemented at each stage of our government’s growth to guide federal employees in the ethicalRead MoreEthics and Government Spending599 Words   |  2 PagesEthics and Government Spending In responding to the scenario wherein the City Commissioner is faced with the dilemma of approving the expense for a proposed annual Halloween Party among the committee staff and members, it is important to first have an understanding of the role that the City Commissioner plays as a public servant. This is to determine if indeed, as a City Commissioner can consider the situation s/he is as an ethical dilemma that conflicts with the accountability that his/her positionRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Indian Government959 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States has banned tobacco advertising for sporting events. The Indian government had enacted an initiative to ban tobacco advertising in sporting events in 2001 to help curb the appeal of tobacco use in minors. The ethical ramifications of the Indian government within this proposed ban had both support and opponents within the country. Below we will strive to determine the ethical issues of the Indian governments proposed bill, and how it was portrayed by both those opposing and supportingRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Texas Government1788 Words   |  8 PagesAfter examining the power one lobbyist can have in the Texas government, it is appropriate to look at the enormity of what a corporation who specializes in lobbying efforts is capable of. The company being examined is called Cassidy and Associates. Cassidy came into the forefront of Texas politics, when in 2006 Carol Strayhorn, the comptroller announced the state of Texas would be suspending payments to a Washington lobbying firm hired by Rick Perry, called Cassidy and Associates (Zeller 2006)Read MoreContracting Ethics in Government Acquisitions1315 Words   |  5 PagesContracting ethics in government acquisitions Government acquisition is the process through which government agencies make purchases for all goods and services. To ensure that contracting ethics and morals are observed by all the agencies there is set of rules that are to be used by all agencies, this rules govern how purchase of goods and services will be done by all the federal agencies. Federal agencies are responsible for a large array of missions and goals, to achieve them all they useRead MoreGovernment, Regulation Business Ethics2112 Words   |  9 PagesGovernment, Regulation amp; Business Ethics The issue of business relations with government has increasingly become a key issue of business ethics. Some of the many questions raised are * Is it acceptable for corporations to use their considerable power tp shape government policy? * Is the government jeopardizing its role in protecting the public interest when politicians sit on the board of corporations? The government has a crucial role to play in establishing the ‘rules of the game’Read MoreGovernment, Regulation Business Ethics2121 Words   |  9 PagesGovernment, Regulation amp; Business Ethics The issue of business relations with government has increasingly become a key issue of business ethics. Some of the many questions raised are * Is it acceptable for corporations to use their considerable power tp shape government policy? * Is the government jeopardizing its role in protecting the public interest when politicians sit on the board of corporations? The government has a crucial role to play in establishing the ‘rules of the game’ byRead MoreThe Ethics Of A Government Intelligence Contract1752 Words   |  8 Pagessoftware, etc. Also included are, other similar technology corporations watching Oracle`s next steps, the Attorney General, government officials, Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S (United States) General Services Administration, The Document Foundation, and the European Union (EU). To handle an issue, Oracle had hired lobbyists to get a government intelligence contract. Institutions Institutions are the rules of the games in a society that shape the human interactions.Read MoreThe Ethics Of The Ut Student Government878 Words   |  4 Pagesoverwhelming issue in America as a whole, and there is no question that different perspectives have escalated within the last few years concerning, which is indeed, the â€Å"most democratic†. However, in terms of a govern election for the UT student government I believe proposal three is the most sound in creating the most democratic system in that it gives candidates the same chance in the election process and restricts the personal wealth of individual candidates. In proposal three candidates can only

Should the Congress Raised the Driving Limited to 21 Free Essays

should the congress raised the driving limited to 21? The legal driving age has been a constant debate and every few years another log is thrown onto the fire. Should we really raise the legal age to drive? Would it save lives? Today the driving age is 17 or ever younger . In my opinion is should be raise at least to 21 it could be a good idea to rise the driving age because young driver are the main cause of road death and injuries. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Congress Raised the Driving Limited to 21? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also young drivers drink and drive at the same time. If the driving age is 21 deaths would happen and roads would be safer. What do you think should it be raised in this essay I would tell you why it should be raised to age 21. The Highest death rate for driver is among the age 17. Although 4. 4% of drivers are under the age of 25, but they will cause 13% of fatal crashes People aged 16-19 holding a license was at 41% then went down to 26% Also 16-19 years old per 100,000 driving licenses had rise from 9. 76 death to 19. 23 deaths. People taking driving tests being taken is on increase. It often teenagers driving late at night when most accident occur. According to the survey accomplished in 2005, twelve teens from sixteen to nineteen years old died every day from motor vehicle accident. Around 6,000 teenage drivers are killed in auto accidents each year. They are four times more likely to be killed in car accidents than any other age group. Some good news would be that it will reduce obesity. Driving encourage the population to be come lazy and obese if you cant drive it will forced to walk instead of being in the car and getting bigger. That is not the case many teen get busy these are three main distractions: visual (taking one’s eyes off the road), manual (taking one’s hands off the wheel), and (takings one’s mind away from the driving task) decisions and not taking seriously. In conclusion it should be raised it not safe. A lot of people died each years and the causes are teen are being on their cellphone†¦ etc Altogether it could be good to raise the driving age to 21 because the roads would be safer and 21 years old are more mature than 17 year old. The death rate would decrease and the road would safer How to cite Should the Congress Raised the Driving Limited to 21?, Papers

Mobile Technology for Knowledge Management

Question: Discuss about the Mobile Technology for Knowledge Management. Answer: Introduction Knowledge Management refers to the process of getting the right knowledge to the right person at the right time. To accomplish this, an organization needs to have a clear understanding about the area where knowledge exists and the form in which it exists. Then the knowledge management system identifies where the knowledge has to be sent and how to send it. Knowledge management also involves the creation of new knowledge. The overall aim of this mechanism is to create value, leverage and refine the knowledge assets of the organization in order to meet its goals (Pari, 2012). The purpose of this report is to analyze the role of mobile technology in the process of knowledge management in Polish manufacturing companies. The techniques and areas where mobile technology can be incorporated are identified and its efficiency is reviewed. Mobile technology provides the workers in the Polish industry with real time insight into the business activities of the organization no matter where they are. According to Chituc, Americo and Cesar various organizations are transforming their business concepts from traditional to modern methods using mobile technology, especially smartphones. The most important change has been seen in the adaption of e-business on a large scale in the recent times. The report revolves around the ways in which Polish manufacturing industry is using mobile technology to support knowledge transfer and how effective and ineffective the methodology is (ASEAN Foundation, 2008). Review of relevant literature on the theme you have selected According to Ko et al knowledge transfer consists of two sub processed which are sending and receiving knowledge. This implies that knowledge Management is a two way process. Knowledge can be generally categorized as a tactic or explicit. Tactic knowledge transfer requires recreation of knowledge, whereas in case of explicit knowledge the transfer of knowledge can be done using verbal explanation, documentation or information systems. Explicit inter organizational knowledge in a polish manufacturing company is in the form of procedures, database and policies. On the other, tactic inter-organizational knowledge is present in research excellence, organizational culture and management know-how of the organization (Bajpai, 2017)s. After identifying the form of knowledge, it is important to figure out the best ways to transfer it to the right kind of people at the right time. According to Albino et al, the factors that positively affect the knowledge transfer are the actors in the knowledge, the context of the transfer process, the content and the media. In case of manufacturing industries like Polish manufacturing, managers are the actors of knowledge transfer; the context of the process is to increase the success rate of the projects and the medium of transfer used here is mobile technology. In the process of using mobile technology in transferring knowledge; organizational and managerial competencies, technical competencies and behavioral competencies play a key role. Firstly, managers in manufacturing companies use mobile technologies across different processes according to their competencies and those competences influence the type of knowledge that is transferred (Derballa Pousttchi, 2011). Secondly, man agers in manufacturing companies use mobile technologies across different processes according to their competencies and those competences have a different influence on tacit and explicit knowledge transfer. Lastly the use of mobile technologies by managers in manufacturing companies influences the efficiency of knowledge transfer that can be understood via an improvement in the number of successful projects. Managers need to know why and how the knowledge can influence positive on business performance. There are a number of other factors that will influence the knowledge management system in an organization. Some major factors include Strategy, Organizational Culture, Organizational Processes, Management and Leadership, Technology and Politics. The strategy developed by any organization to manage knowledge should be dependent on the organizations corporate and business strategy. The aim behind this strategy development should be managing, creating and sharing the relevant knowledge assets will assist in acquiring tactical and strategic knowledge. The organization culture also has an impact on the manner in which workers interact with each other, the context in which the knowledge is created, the degree ad way in which people will resist particular changes and lastly the way people share or do not prefer to share the knowledge. Similarly, the organizational processes imply what kind of processes, systems and environment should be used in order to support knowledge management in the organization. Additionally, knowledge management demands competent and experienced leaders manage knowledge in the right manner in the organization. The organization might want to appoint knowledge managers and knowledge brokers separately to manage the process of knowledge management. The technological advancement also plays an important role in knowledge Management (Zhang Shuzhen, 2014). For instance, in the case study the success of mobile technology in the Polish manufacturing industry for the purpose of knowledge management is discussed. Lastly, the degree of work politics prevailing in the organization also influences knowledge management. This process requires long-term support to implement and retain the changes made during knowledge management. Also, due to extensive politics the workers or management might get discouraged to take initiatives regarding knowledge management. Review of the KMS This section analyses the usefulness of mobile technology in knowledge management in Polish manufacturing industry. The method used to measure this was qualitative research in which, surveys were conducted in several Polish manufacturing companies. The companies surveyed included several manufacturing types like: industry 90 companies (74.2%), construction 19 companies (14%) and others 18 companies (13.4%). Out of the respondents, 82% were managers and 18% were the chief executive officers of the organizations (Derballa, 2008). The factors that define the qualities of managers to transfer knowledge in a Polish manufacturing company were decided on the basis of the feedback surveys and their sources which were divided into the following categories: The result of the surveys was determined using a correlation and regression method so that the effect of mobile technologies used by management in order to transfer the knowledge can be estimated (Maliszewksa, 2015). The data contained was analyzed in the context of the linearity, equality of variance and normality. Based on this, it was observed that there were no major deviations. The correlation analysis of the use of mobile technologies by managers of manufacturing companies, according to their competencies, on the efficiency of explicit and tacit knowledge transfer was determined by observing the increase or decrease in the rate of successful projects in the organization. The analysis also stated that the Polish manufacturing companies with highly competent managers were only benefitting from mobile technology in the transfer of explicit knowledge. The managers used mobile technology to develop policies, plans and procedures that would help in successful management of knowledge. Even though these companies were using mobile technologies across different departments and processes, yet it was most successfully used in transferring explicit knowledge. Another observation revealed that the interaction of managers in the context of transferring tactic knowledge was very less. All these observations clearly identified that in the Polish manufacturing industries, the mobile technology was being highly supportive in transferring explicit knowledge, while it lagged behind in managing tactic knowledge which was seen as a huge drawback in the knowledge management system overall (Robinson, et al., 2014). The research also shows that in Polish manufacturing organizations, managers used mobile technologies extensively to share and transmit reports and statements which enabled using real time data to make major future decisions. This further added to the success rate of the organizational projects. The efficiency of explicit knowledge transfers witnessed a hike when managers switched to using mobile technologies in the organization for the purpose of sharing knowledge within the organization. Additionally, the results show that there is a positive relationship between the behavioral competencies of managers in a manufacturing company who use mobile technologies and the transfer of policies (Kumar, et al., 2011). Critical discussion Based on the result of the surveys, it can be clearly stated that the use of mobile technologies in Polish manufacturing industries is highly influenced by the competencies of the managers and their overall understanding of the knowledge management system. It can hence be derived that the efficiency of inter-organizational knowledge transfer depends on the organizational and managerial competencies of managers plus the technical competencies of managers plus the behavioral competencies of the managers who use mobile technologies. The result is pretty justified since it can be clearly observed that for an organization to become a complete knowledge- oriented company, the managers and leaders play a key role. However, it can also be witnessed that the managers competencies can only have an impact on the explicit knowledge transfer while the tactic knowledge transfer remains unaffected by it (Brdulak, 2013). Finally the results reveal that the use of the mobile technologies in Polish manufacturing companies can only be successful when it comes to transmitting short messages and amendments in the existing policies of the company. In order to create and transfer new knowledge, a face to face interaction is the best method. Depending on mobile technology for the creation of new technology and its acceptance among workers will not be successful. People need to be communicated about the new knowledge and how they can benefit from it. Mobile technology can be a very hostile method to do this which could eventually result in high resistance from the end of with workers. Mobile technology can help in providing real time data that could be used for the creation new knowledge, but its transmissions should be done more personally. Hence, the organizations that aim to increase the number of their successful projects, should only use mobile technologies in the process of transferring knowledge that c onsists of changes in existing policies, strategies and procedures. For the transfer of tactic knowledge, other methods like web blogs, face to face meetings, coffee break interactions should be used. Conclusion To conclude, I would say, it has been evident from the case study and the research that even though mobile technology is gaining popularity in the manufacturing industries to manage knowledge, it is not capable of dealing with every aspect of the knowledge management system. The transfer component can use mobile technology, but when it comes to creating knowledge and sustaining it, mobile technology will not prove to be very effective. The study also shows that the manufacturing industries can only benefit from the mobile technology only if the managers of these organizations possess technological and behavioral competencies along with organizational competencies. The organization should hire knowledge managing personnel carefully based on their knowledge and experience. Also, the role and responsibilities of these managers should be clearly defined by the organization, so that the managers know what is expected from them. The Polish manufacturing industry should additionally use other methods and tools to manage the tactical knowledge. Since the research shows that mobile technology is not very effective in this category of knowledge management, the organization should try and test other methods like web blogging to create and transmit tactic knowledge. Overall, due to high technological advancement, there are a lot of opportunities for manufacturing industries to exploit for enabling smooth working of their organization. The organization should just be careful about picking the right tools for the right kind of work. References ASEAN Foundation, 2008. Introduction to Knowledge Management, Available at: https://www.aseanfoundation.org/documents/knowledge_management_book.pdf Bajpai, B., 2017. M-LEARNING MOBILE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT:emerging new stages of e-learning knowledge management. pp. 1-10, Available at: https://www.academia.edu/322439/M-LEARNING_and_MOBILE_KNOWLEDGE_MANAGEMENT_emerging_new_stages_of_e-learning_and_knowledge_management Brdulak, J., 2013. Knowledge management in polish companies. International Journal of Business and Management Studies,, 2(2), p. 369378. Derballa, V., 2008. Mobile Technology for Knowledge Management, Available at: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/mobile-technology-knowledge-management/25205?camid=4v1a Derballa, V. Pousttchi, K., 2011. Mobile Technology for Knowledge Management, Available at: https://www.irma-international.org/viewtitle/49062/ Kumar, R., Dey, S. Rao, K., 2011. Investigation of mobile Knowledge Management: Developing and Integrating Enterprise App Store with existing Knowledge Management System. International Journal of Computer, Volume 1, pp. 6-11. Maliszewksa, P., 2015. The effect of the use of mobile technologies by management in polish manufacturing enterprises on the efficiency of knowledge transfer within a company. Foundations of Management, Volume 7, pp. 159-168. Pari, G., 2012. Introducing Knowledge Management, Available at: https://www.cs.unibo.it/~gaspari/www/teaching/slides_KM1a.pdf Robinson, A., Campo, K. Isaac, W., 2014. Virtual Outreach: Use Of Mobile Technologies For Knowledge Management And Extension Services In Rural Communities, Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/cfcs13/253574.html Zhang, Z. Shuzhen, C., 2014. A New Trend of Knowledge Management: A Study of Mobile Knowledge Management. Management Science and Engineering, 8(4), pp. 1-5.