Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 49

Case Study Examplepain medicine, the appropriate disciplinary action such as repayment is necessary but this does non come without a warning letter that would see stiff measures including summary dismissal in the event of recurrence of the incidence. However, any nurse who misappropriates any medical geartrain ought to pay back the full amount, which may be deducted from her salary. Meanwhile, the patient ought to obtain other drugs since they are not responsible for any kind of incompetence by the nursing home staff.In any accustomed health institution, the Department of pulmonary Medicine is undoubtedly one of the busiest departments. Due to the critical nature of this section, the full(a) physician fraternity needs to be ready to tackle any challenge even at odd times. Since operations in this situation extend to the ICU and ER, any shortage of respiratory therapist deserves critical attention. When investigating this kind of shortage within limited time like 48 hours, the s trike information that a hospital executive director looks for is what led to the shortage, data regarding the available and required respiratory therapist, and the ready step that can ease the situation. Since the respiratory therapists perform a significant role both in the ICU and at the ER, this kind of intelligent information will be necessary before the all-important(a) meeting with physicians.Misdiagnosis and maybe the administering of wrong drugs may have severe repercussion to a medical practitioner especially if proven that the any mishap resulted out of sheer negligence or incompetence. As the administrator on weekend call, I would determine whether Dr. White administered the wrong drugs out of incompetence or otherwise. maybe my next decision would be informed by the information as to whether Dr. White refused to address the concerns of the RN, may Patterson. If Dr. White, out of sheer arrogance, dismissed Mays concerns, then I would together with other managerial staff at the hospital institute a

The quality of collective action will determine the quality of results Essay

The tone of collective action will determine the quality of results - raise ExampleAll these stakeholders necessitate individual roles to play in ensuring that the aims of education are achieved. However, to ensure quality education, these stakeholders do not just have to work in isolation but then have to work collectively. Elaborating how stakeholders can work collectively, Kodua (2001) posits that curriculum planners must understand the immediate educational aims of educational administrators and the culture requirements of learners and structure the curriculum in such a way that it meets these educational aims. The educational managers must in response ensure that all infrastructure and resources needed for the smooth running of education are supplied. settle down working together, teachers must ensure that they deliver quality student-centered and interactive lessons that would ensure that learning becomes easier for students. On the incision of supervisors, they must ensu re that they monitor and assess the performance and actors line of teachers whiles students do everything possible to grasp lessons taught. It is but under such circumstance where the general aim of education is made to run through the delivery of education among all stakeholders that we can be assured of quality of collective action.

Competition Policy and a Single European Market Research Paper

Competition Policy and a Single European Market - Research penning ExampleBeing a member of the European EMU (Economic and Monetary Union) may be outlined on the basis of four aspects. First, the members are defined by a single currency. Secondly, they not except enjoy a common monetary policy, but they also share similar interest rates. therefore there is the issue of budget deficit limits, which in this case has been set at 3 per penny of a member countrys GDP. Finally, members enjoy capital market integration. Talk has been rife that CEECs ( rudimentary and easterly European Countries) may enlist for membership of EMU. However, there are a few elements that hinder such a move. These countries are poor, with low wage and income earner. They have low populations, and their economy may at best(p) be said to be transitory. In addition, they are also industrially different, relative to the EMU countries. In the event that the CEECs become EMU members. Chances are that price, wage and cost transparency of industrial products may be experienced (Oudenaren 2005). In addition, there will no longer be a market barricade that exists between EMU members and non-EMU members (Ackerman 2006). This in effect will lead to an expanded market to East and Central Europe. Without a doubt, the idea of CEECs joining EMU shall have far-reaching repercussions. For starters, we might very well witness a rise in migration to atomic number 74 EU, because of the availability of better-paying jobs and living conditions. On the other hand, the risk of doing business could as well increase, because of the industrial differences in doing business between, on the one hand, the CEECs and on the other hand, the countries in west EU (Oudenaren 2005).

Would the international response be different if it were men who were Essay

Would the international response be different if it were manpower who were suffering and dying as the result of child birth - Essay ExampleThe fair sex activity is less mighty in strength and physical attribute comp ard to the man, for this reason they need to be handle with compassion. Unfortunately, physical assaults of various kinds, inhumane treatment, and domestic violence are few of the terms that are deduct of every society and target the women directly.Every year, large numbers of women go with various mishaps during the action of delivery, they offer come across miscarriages, some other complications and in some societies women are held responsible for it, without thinking on the lines, that its the woman who suffers directly. The men and world community that is dominated by men might incur for the opposite gender only if open(a) to it and made to have a taste of what women go through. It is rather unfortunate that even in modern times like these, there are societ ies where there are open violations of women rules, there is no consideration about their physical well being, and are directly exposed to violence in various forms, which entails not just the physical torture, but also the various other kinds.Many a times, they are taken for granted and despite going through the immense pain, they are ill treated. It would be an interesting case to see, if men were put to the test by going through equal pain. It is being verbalize that the amount of pain woman goes through during the time of delivery, is right up there with any other kind of pain and suffering a human can get .The element of consideration would creep into those societies and individuals where intolerance is on the higher side towards the fair gender. It is being said that one can not feel until they go through the suffering themselves, same is the case for the womens suffering. Men would realize and understand only by going through it. If placed in the womens shoes, they would re alize what a woman goes through, what her sentiments her, what a woman wants in general, and how she should be

ICT AND CUSTOMER SERVICE Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 13000 words

ICT AND CUSTOMER SERVICE - address Example synopsis is given on the survey and comparisons made between survey findings and literature review. ICT is nowadays an integral part of much of our lives and even when we go on vacation or on crinkle trips too. Search terms Hotel Customer Satisfaction (Amazon) hotel management systems research studies on hotel ICT ICT effects on hotel answer ICT and hotel service hospitality and tourism research papers on ICT Table of Contents Acknowledgements 2 mouse 3 Table of Contents 4 air division 1 introduction 6 1.1 presentation to the search 6 1.2 Purpose 7 1.3 Statement of Objective 7 1.4 Research Question 7 1.5 vindication 7 1.6 Strategy 8 1.7 Limitations 8 Section 2 Literature Review 9 2.1 basis 9 2.2 Using technology (ICT, PMS and CRM) 10 2.3 experiential Marketing and ICT 12 2.4 Social Media and Applications (Apps) 13 2.5 Marketing with ICT Tools 14 2.6 Employee Motivation 15 2.7 Employee Rewards 17 2.8 Ideal Management 18 2.9 Impact of ICT on the Workforce 19 2.10 Front Desk Employees 20 2.11 Housekeeping and Food Services 21 2.12 Total fiber Management (TQM) 22 Section 3 Methodology 23 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 The Journals and Books Process 23 3.3 The Online Survey and Questionnaire 24 3.4 The Overall Research Strategy 25 Section 4 Results and Findings 26 4.1 Introduction 26 4.2 Descriptive Information 26 4.3 Overtime Hours 27 4.4 Hotel Positions 27 4.5 Education Levels and Income 28 4.6 Experiential versus Experience on the Job 28 4.7 Training on the Job and for the Job 29 4.8 purpose Making Capabilities and Management Supervision 30 4.9 Management Supervision and Approval 31 4.10 Marketing and Technology as Part of the Job 31 4.11 Summary 34 4.11.1 SPSS Analysis Descriptive and Correlation Analysis 34 4.11.2 Linear Regression Analysis 37 Section 5 Discussion 41 Section 6 Conclusion 44 Appendix 46 Resources 53 Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to Research The hotel business is a major part of a person s enjoyment experience, whether on a vacation or on business trips. Like anywhere else, there are riddles to be solved on a daily basis, such as the traveller has to delay checking in by one day because of flight delays or even business delays. The ability for a customer to take directly with the hotel through electronic communications, such as an app on a smart phone, or through a laptop while at the airport, is essential to being able to solve a problem earlier it gets worse. As a consequence, the ability to take care of a customer through the electronic porthole (Buhalis & Law 2008 Buhalis 2008), means more satisfaction that things will be taken care of before the customer arrives and checks in. Additionally, customers can also order dinner when they land at the airport so that moments afterwards checking in, if at night, dinner will be brought up to the room. The menu is accessible through the hotels website adit and registered customers can access inside with a key code, which is sent when the reservation is made. This allows the customer to custom-define his or her preferences on specific accommodations (ADA 2006), such as the need for a portable fan, drinks, certain types of water and

Strategic Analysis and Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Strategic Analysis and Choice - Essay ExampleThis report highlights the changing strategic target of DuPont and describes how its recent strategic evolution defies certain industry norms and brings measurable, positive out pick outs that supersede competition.Strategic intent is defined as capturing the essence of winning, is stable over time, and sets goals that deserve personal effort and commitment in order to scope specific strategic goals (auburn.edu, 2010, p.2). Strategic intent deals with the different planning mechanisms required to reach corporate goals and outlines the specific objectives that the strategic leadership desires to achieve. Intentions identify how leaders hope to position the business for the long-term to deliver value to all stakeholders and shareholders whilst at the same time focusing on growth or sustainability to ensure ongoing profitability.The environment in which DuPont is forced to work is marked by uncertainty and long risk that comes from market factors, many of which are beyond the control of strategists at the union. These include specific pressures that come from global demand decreases along with rising costs in areas of raw materials, energy and transportation (infosys.com, 2010). These externalities relate many different issues ranging from human resources and staffing, to cost control, to even research and development needs based on fluctuating market conditions. Strategic intent at DuPont, when facing these market conditions, involves understanding the environment that the company serves and limiting excess in areas of financial cost reduction and operational management. This industry has also seen long decline in demand for certain products, such as its Coatings and Color Technologies business segment, therefore buyers go for been destocking their inventories in response to the global recession (DuPont, 2008). All of these factors have influenced a

Shakespere Enlgish Lit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Shakespere Enlgish Lit - Essay grammatical caseThe Winters Tale is defined as comedy, but the first three acts of the endure atomic number 18 created through psychological drama, thus creating a problem with reconciling the play to the comedy genre. Much desire Romeo and Juliet, which starts out with classic tells of the comedy, but ends like a tragedy, The Winters Tale is the reverse, seeming more than like a drama or tragedy, but resolving with classic comedy aspects. Bloom and Gleed (2010) call option the play a tragicomedy, thus the play is defined by both of these aspects of theater (p. ix). There are a great variety of familiar themes within The Winters Tale. Gender identity, mistaken identity, and the patriarchic society lend to the dramatic aspects of the first three acts, the final two acts resolved through twists upon those themes.The play is based upon the novel Pandesto, which is sometimes referred to as Dorastus and Fawnia written by Robert Greene. The earliest e dition of the play exists from 1588, with 14 editions between that time and the general time in which the play was written. Hudson, in his commentary from 1880 suggests that the create verballyr was kind of wordy and filled his worked with an overabundance of Greek standards in his writing. He says that For it seems as if he could not write at all without overloading his pages with classical allusion, nor hit upon any thought so trite and commonplace, but that he must run it through a series of aphoristic sentences twisted out of Roman or Greek lore (p. 132).Beginning in January 2009, actors from the UK and from the USA combined talents under the direction of Sam Mendes in order to create productions of The Winters Tale and The Cherry Orchard. This transatlantic project is intended to go for three years and stars Simon Russell Beale, Sinead Cusack, and Rebecca Hall from the UK, with Richard Easton, Josh Hamilton, and Ethan Hawke from the USA (BAM 2009).

Airport Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Airport Design - enquiry Paper ExampleThe stakeholders of the aerodrome include customers, transporters, Government agencies, airlines companies, civil aviation authorities, airport management and the lag members. in that respectfore, the airport design should facilitate either of them in a balance so that thither backside be efficiency in all the working areas of the airport and thus giving benefits to the airport management. all of these aspect of the airport design should be managed in the planning session therefore it is the duty of the engineers to march on these things at preference.The purpose of this research paper is to provide a guideline about the planning of an airport design. The main persons included in the process will be the airport managers, airport staff, airport planners, architects, and the boilers suit aviation industry. However, these are the main persons in the planning process and then the construction process alone throughout the planning and construct ion their main focus should be on considerations of the stakeholders and their concerns about the usage of the building. There are many of the important considerations or the factors, which are very important for the planning processes of an airport design. These factors or considerations are safety, Security concerns, operational ability, commercialism, financial support, aid, and the environmental conditions. In addition to this, there is a extremity of settlement with the local Government bodies and the civil aviation authorities. So that the airport management will non face any problem, form the legal agencies regarding any law or rules.In this section of the report, there is a detailed description of the step by step procedure of planning the airport design, depth psychology of all the necessary components of an airport design and an overview of the primary users of the airports.In the planning process of airport design, the firstborn step is to gather and

Federal express (slp module 02) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

federal official express (slp module 02) - Essay ExampleAccording to Netscape Solutions Enterprise, Intranet applications and teaching ranging from personnel guidelines, impose forms, employee evaluations, and send off management documentation are currently or will soon be purchasable to all corporate employees of Federal enunciate. Two critical intranet applications currently in use at Federal Express are one for publishing immanent technology reports and another delivering adjunct help-desk support for internal staff. The intranet-published technology reports keep Federal Expresss technology staff current and help them stay abreast of jut specifics, plans, and applyation procedures. The help-desk application is designed to streamline customer support by Federal Express information systems (Netscape Solutions Enterprise, 1999, pg. 1).How project management specifically affects the different departments within an organization such as Federal Express depends on the type of pro ject that is underway. For instance, replacing the computers in the marketing department would directly affect the marketing department, but may have little effect on human resources. Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort to accomplish a specific (and usually) one-time effort, for example, construct a create or implement a new computer system. Project management includes developing a project plan, which includes defining project goals and objectives, specifying tasks or how goals will be achieved, what resources are need, and associating budgets and timelines for completion (Free Management Library, 2008, pg. 1).The limitations for implementing the PERT and CRM methods at Federal Express are the same as they would be for any other organization that chose to implement these techniques. According to Hugg (1996, pg. 1), A central weakness of both PERT and CPM is the inability to deal with resource dependencies. resource dependencies are those that concern th e availability of resources

Commentery Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commentery - Thesis ExampleThe index was then considered to be the guardian of the country and the rise of the parliament was obstructed for a very long time as a result of this theory of the Divine-Right of the nance. The powers of the king and the institution of monarchy in England and other parts of Europe have been extremely pronounced and have maintain a strong hold on the public imagination. The king often worked in conjunction with sacred authorities of the day so as to maintain monarchical control everyplace the kingdom and over the minds of the people. Through the ages, the institution of monarchy sought to perpetuate itself through discourses that brought in several ideas such as the miraculous and the social. There have been occasions on which this dissent has translated itself into great violence. One of the greatest instances of this is the execution of the king in England in the seventeenth century by the Puritan regime. The French revolution can be considered t o be the culmination of the bourgeoisie societys resistance against monarchy (New Tensions in the Western Political customs Absolutism and Parliament 23-4). The French revolution then can be considered to be one of the most important moments in the history of Europe where the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity were considered.These then influenced to a great conclusion the rise of democracy and the state as an institution of the modern society. The Divine Right theories that were talked of during the medieval ages were then looked upon as something that prevented the transfer of power into the hands of the common people. As explained earlier, the French Revolution led to the shift key of the ideals of monarchy. The importance of this lies in the fact that the overthrow of monarchy was accompanied by a great many changes in the social structures of that period. The complicity of the church in the control that was exercised

SADDAM HUSEIN Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SADDAM HUSEIN - interrogation Paper ExampleThere is a brief mention of his ruling style in Iraq. hence a brief outline of Iran-Iraq war is given. His invasion of Kuwait and the gulf war is discussed next. The American advance on Iraq in 2003 is discussed in the end. The fall of his government, capture of Bagdad and his hiding is given in this part. This tempt ends with mentions of events handle capture of ibn Talal Hussein Hussein, his trial in Iraqi special court and is execution by Hanging. Introduction ibn Talal Hussein Hussein was champion of the most remarkable figures in the history of the world. He was one of those men in the world who have changed the course of history. His rise and fall is linked with many meaning(a) events in the history. His rise to power was an important event in the Middle East. Then there was Iran-Iraq fight in which Iraq, under the leadership of ibn Talal Hussein, fought a prolonged war against its neighbour Iran. There was Gulf articulate of war which was the direct consequence of his invasion in Kuwait. President George Bush Sr. Sent troops to quit Kuwait from the clutches of Saddam. Then in 2003 a coalition take up of mainly US force and some British force invaded Iraq and marked the end of Saddam Hussein. Birth and Early Years Saddam Hussein was born on April 28 in the year 1937 in a poor Iraqi family. His birth place was a vill era near the Iraqi town, Tikrit. Few years after his birth, his scram died. His mother married again. Saddam had an uncle, his mothers brother, named Khairallah Talfah. Khairallah was a leader of an anti-king group. Some people in Iraq were not happy with the Iraqi king. They thought he was too close to Britain and was controlled by Britain. Khairallah was imprisoned for his anti government activities. Later he was released and took a job as a teacher. In 1947 at the age of 10 Saddam came to stay with his uncle. He was admitted to school. In 1955 Khairallah moved to Bagdad, and Saddam cam e on with him. His uncle was still anti-government and had interests in anti-government movements. They had the same allegation against the king that he was under the power of Great Britain. Staying in Bagdad with his uncle Saddam too became interested in politics. He was influenced by his uncle and became an anti-king too. He even took part in 1952 howler monkey in Bagdad. This was the beginning of his political career. Around this time his uncle introduced him with Ahmed Hassan-al-Bakr, an army general and his relative. Khairallah wanted him to take Saddam as his protege (Anderson, 2004, pp.10-16). Beginning of Political Career Around 1956-57 Saddam started attending Baath Party meetings. The societys ambitious aim was to form a pan-Islamic union with all the Arabian nations. Saddam was divine by the partys ideology and became a supporter. He joined the party in a minor post but he was popular among his comrades. The popularity of Baath Party grew in Iraq and other Arab nation s. At the same time, anger against the Great Britains favourite the Iraqi king grew. There was a state of unrest and people were on the streets. In 1958 general Abdel Karim Kassem marched into Bagdad. He killed the king and the Prime Minister along with other important government officers and took the power. Baath supported Kassem at the beginning. But the party had differences with him. Kassem did not like them either. Gradually the distance between Kassem and Baath increased. They became enemy of Kassem. Baath party leaders made a plot to kill Kassem. Saddam and six other party youths were selected to carry out the

International business discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International business discussion - Essay Example swordplay generates many revenues for the hotel.The hotel has a brand of jet called CotaiJet. The brand transport many customers to the hotel. Furthermore, the hotel focuses more on merriment content. The centering is aware that entertainment lures many Chinese people. It is their basis for success. The hotel has created more hotel rooms and theatres. The management has change magnitude the size of the arena that hosts entertainment performers. It has created the worlds largest casino, where gambling is the main activity.The management does not want to advertise casinos in China. They want to develop an emotional connection between the customers and the hotel. It will leave an effect on them, and they would continuously return to the hotel. The hotel boosts of its entertainment content. The hotel hosts filming award shows, traditional boxing and often bets on Chinas hit television. The management wants to satisfy every market segm ent.The hotel has emphasised on sell strategy. The strategy has seen the hotel increase the size of the retail segment. The hotel has opened additional phases of the hotel. It would help in attracting more customers (Tracy,

If a company sells its products only from an online website, which is Essay

If a company sells its products nevertheless from an online website, which is accessible to customers all over the world, does it still need to worry nigh having a specific shoot for market. Explain your answer - Essay ExampleThe paper therefore foc roles on whether a company that makes online sales through a website that is accessible to clients across the world still needs to focus on maintaining a particular target market.Like it happens in life that an individual will never appeal all human beings, the same is witnessed with businesses. Despite having a website accessible to customers around the world, an organization needs to create assess for defining who it requires using the goods or services it provides. Defining expected buyers remains important due the chase reasons. First, through identification of a target market, a company becomes precise in its marketing as puff up as advertising efforts. Having an ideal client helps in strategizing specific tactics of reaching them. specialized strategies remain important during the decision-making process as decision making becomes easier and more focused saving in time as well as resources (Mooradian and Matzlerz 2012). Secondly, customers will find the business quickly. Although the website serves a global place where everyone can learn about the existence of an individual company, majority of individuals may fail to learn about the enterprises life. Customers need to have greater assurance from products and service providers that their needs and desires, as well as challenges, will be considered once they arise. The aspect of developing a virtual or fleshly location where customers will meet the providers of goods and services creates more confidence in customers prompting more use of products and services offered. Lastly, although referrals are made through the internet, having a particular target market establishes close fellowship with existing clients making it easier for them to make referra ls.Consequently, irrespective of the above benefits of having a target market, reaching customers throughout the

Public Relations Consultancies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Relations Consultancies - Essay ExampleThis report discusses the Gulf Region PR consultancy. With this regard, it focuses on Bahrain as a country. Regarding the PR Consultancy, five major areas/issues are considered Self-Regulation of businesses in the execution of their mandate at bottom the economy and society, increased competition from Global Agencies, Corporate social responsibility, Social Media, as well as Communications (Golob, 2006). These issues are critical because they affect businesses and corporations signifi bathroomtly. Increased competition puts pressure to corporations, social media could influence the corporations world image, while self regulation is based on the existing regulations from some(prenominal) the presidential term and local authorities. At any given time, the consultancy need to be socially responsible and it should maintain a good communication system (Golob, 2006). Different theorists arguing these issues are incorporated. Typically, the practitioners are found to agree or disagree with some of the theorists incorporated in the discussion.For convenience whereby if the organization has a number of offices, then consultancy can be able to deliver services that are centrally based for functions that need be nonionised such as press launches, conferences and receptions.Histories and textbooks on public relations mark both the PR consultancy as well as the subsequent developments of the sector. Research and theorists in public relations have ignored both consultants and the consultancy bit of the sector despite being distinct and meaningful. This aspect has been exemplified roles through research. The long-established research stream in PR consultancy literature has offered some significant engagement with the work of practitioners. Mostly, two roles are theorized in public relations (Tharp and Jeong, 2001). The roles include managers roles and technician roles. In

Business model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business model - Assignment ExampleThe company is one that focuses to make games that ar easy to learn and still maintain the fun element. The company has tick offd the way it looks at the sport market place from its competitors. The company is focussing on providing gaming that is fun and easy to children and adults alike. There has also been an parturiency to incorporate both male and female players into the gaming experienceThe main point of focus with Nintendo games is in the simplicity of their products. The products simplicity can be looked at in two ways. On the one hand you have the devices that have few buttons for their operation, a good example is the Wii console. Despite this they argon able to give the customer an experience like no other when it comes to gaming. Secondly the games that they offer to their clients are simple in terms of game play. These are usually easy to play. The company has been able to differentiate itself from the industry norm of only appeal ing to a few devoted gamers. It has been able to do this by dint of offerings of consoles such as the lately released Wii which has beaten rivals in the gaming console market (Torres, 2013)The company has well-tried to ensure that it markets and delivers its products in a way that saves both on cost as well as delivery times for the products that they offer. It has therefore taken the approach of using already established retailers to bring their products to market in the different regions of the world. Such retailers include partnerships with the likes of Amazon that guarantee as U.S. wide presence for the company. This leaves the online keep that they maintain to service only replacement parts for their products.The one thing that the company has invested heavily in is ensuring that they utilize the feedback that they get from consumers. On the one hand the company has heavily invested in ensuring that this information is divided up

Wengart Aircraft Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wengart Aircraft - Coursework ExampleNeed to implement TQM to comply with Presidential Executive Order (PEO) 12552 Not lone(prenominal) does profitability demand better quality one of its major customers is demanding it and doing so with the authority of a PEO. chop-chop and effectively Wengart must implement TQM in a verifiable manner and with a significant tinge on production qualityEducation and Training Deficiencies The subject field only refers to these tangentially. However, implementing a new agreement such as TQM will require education and training of employees in this new system. According to the case the company is failing miserably at this already.Poor communication Managers and line supervisors left a merging on TQM with various interpretations of TQM and line workers had even more interpretations of its meaning. Mary Romero, a supervisor studying TQM is preoccupied at the brevity of TQM information she and other supervisors got... The company is not adequately com municating the definition, process or importance of TQM.Confused responsibilities The President, Ralph Larsen, does not want to be directly snarled in TQM so he can focus on profits TQM is the key to increased profitability. The Human Resources department is not involved in leadership in the program despite the fact that it will require redefinition of jobs and responsibilities, and whitethorn terminus in lay-offs.Alternative 3 is recommended. Implementation of TQM is the most important challenge facing he company. Without it it may loss its DoD contracts. Also, TQM is key for improving the companys profit profile.Therefore, the company needs to create a TQM department, headed up by a V-P TQM who is an experienced expert in the field. Working with the VP Production and VP HR to develop a comprehensive implementation program, an effective communications strategy, and metrics to measure the success of the

Oral Presentation on Australian Aboriginal Families Essay Example for Free

Oral Presentation on Australian primordial Families EssayWe be doing the Traditional Australian Aboriginal families. The traditional Aboriginals were located in Australia and Tasmania. It is believed that Australian Aboriginals travelled from Africa to Asia around 60 000 years ago and arrived in Australia 50 000 years ago. Today, virtually 1% of Australian people ar Aboriginal. Religion was a very large part of the Aboriginal culture. They do not have a formal religion except they were very spiritual. They believed in The Dreaming, which was when the Ancestral Beings moved across the land and created life story and features in the land. Dreamtime stories are told by songs, dance, stories or paintings and pasted done the generations. Aboriginals had a complex family system it varies from common people to tribe. But a typical Aboriginal family consisted of grandparents, men and their wives and children. The women played the main role in educating the children but the men and women both shared the roles of healers, law makers, performers and painters. CHANGE PP. The main role of the women was to gather food. They would collect seeds, vegetables, fruits, insects and larvae.It was accordingly their job to cook and prepare the meal. Women took care of the children until they reached the age of six. CHANGE PP. Until around age 6, children would get looked afterwards by their mother. After this age, boys would learn hunting with their causes and girls would learn food gathering with their mothers. Children would help and care for elders when they needed help physically. The elders of a group were the roles models. Elders would educate and teach the children and children helped them physically.Everyone had a lot of respect for the elders as they had a lot of knowledge and experience. They would decide if the group was to move camp. A typical Aboriginal family used to hunt, artifice and tell stories each day. Each day the aboriginal men would go hunting f or food utilise tools they had made themselves. The women and children would spend the day gathering foods. As they did this the women would educate the children on religion and tell them ambitiousness stories. At the end of the day the women would cook the meal for the large family around a camp fire.Aboriginal children and families played a lot of games and music together. They would play traditional music that was handed down through generations. Didgeridoos, rattles, clapping sticks and boomerangs were all used as instruments. Ceremonies were a huge part of Aboriginal life. The main ceremonies they contribute are for health of crops and land, initiation of children to adulthood and funerals. These ceremonies can go for days and even months and almost the finished community are involved.They sing songs, decorate themselves and tell stories during ceremonies. The head of a typical clan is commonly one of the eldest and talented men and is followed by younger men. The leader p osition was passed down from father to son. In conclusion, traditional Aboriginal families were very respectful of each other. They each have a specialized role in society and each contribute to the life of the community. Thank you for listening. We hope you learnt lots about the traditional Aboriginal families.

Jews and Christians Essay Example for Free

Jews and Christians EssayIslam is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab apparitional and political figure. It is the moment-largest religion in the world today, with an estimated 1. 4 billion adherents, cognize as Muslims. Islam is considered one of the second largest religions in Europe today especi on the wholey in France and the United Kingdom. In regions like the Middle East, sexual union Africa, south and central Asia, Islam is the dominant religion.The core belief of Muslims is that immortal revealed himself to all mankind through his seer Muhammad, and he gave his holy book, the Quran which embodies the communicate, teachings and traditions of the Sunnah which is considered as the basic sources of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad is regarded by Muslims as the true and final examination prophet of paragon. Islam, like Judaism and Christianity is also an Abrahamic religion.Muslims belief that God revealed his final message to M uhammad through the angel Gabriel, and that message is the truth of redemption and shall hold true until the day a of resurrection, that the holy Quran is the infallible word of God and has the seal of the prophets. Muslims belief that the core message of Islam, which is the worship of one God, is the same message preached by the all messengers that God has sent before Muhammad. Muslims also belief that the coming of Muhammad was the cache in Gods revelation of himself to mankind, the end of all the messages of one God which has been preached since the time of Adam.Muslims see their religion as the maestro and the final message of God to mankind, and see Christianity and Judaism as a distortion of the original revelation of God to Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad. There are several similarities that run through these three religions. Geographically, they all seem to have their origins in the Middle East. They all lay claim to the most prominent religious figures the world has e ver known i. e. .Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, as their forebears.The Quran even acknowledges Jesus Christ as a major prophet who walked the face of this flat coat and had a distinct knowledge of God. Islam acknowledges the practitioners of Christianity and Judaism as the people of the letter, which is to say that they are people who have stock divine scriptures. All these not withstanding, Muslims believe that the final and truthful revelation of God and the right behavior of worship came through the holy prophet Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam is the right way of worship, of seeking God and of attaining salvation and therefore they must seek to win more peoples unto the Allah.Like the Jews, who saw a non Israelite as a gentile, any one other non-Muslim is an infidel. They also belief that Allah appreciates it very much when you die a furious death defending the faith of Islam and that automatically grants you grace favor and salvation before the lord, Infact, you go heart y to heaven which is the ultimate reward of serving God here on earth just as Christians believe. In conclusion, Islam sees itself as superior to Christianity and Judaism because they believe its the total revelation of God of himself unto mankind.

Indigenous Tribes of Latin America Essay Example for Free

Indigenous Tribes of Latin the States EssayThroughout the world, when refreshed lands were conquered, old customs would be lost. However, in Latin America, a great deal of their natural tribes non only survived being conquered, they argon still around today. Different regions of Latin America ar crime syndicate to different battalions and many tribes are part of ancient full-fledged kingdoms. Some of these kingdoms are among the almost well-k promptlyn in the world. The Meso-American native great deals make Latin America famous. These peoples include the Aztecs and Mayans. The Aztecs are most famous for their numerical prowess and their calendars are exceptionally accurate. Meanwhile, the Mayans are known for creating a fully-written voice communication and making amazing advancements in the fields or mathematics, astronomy, art and architecture. Their calendar is also well-known. The development of the Aztec language, or Nahuatl played an pregnant berth in their civ ilization. Pictographs were intentiond to represent their written language. The language, both written and spoken, was important in completing teleph iodin circuit arrangements and in keeping track of family and cultural histories. The Aztec language was also used to create beautiful rime used in rituals and ceremonies.Many Aztec customs relied on the use of their language, as did the passing down of their legends and beliefs from one generation to the next. Maya culture developed in three regions in Mesoamerica. By far the most important and most complete urban development occurred in the lowlands in the central region of southern Guatemala. The southmost Mayan city was Copan in northern Honduras. The other major region of Mayan development was the Yucatan peninsula making up the southern and eastern portions of modern-day Mexico. The principal food of the Mayas was maize and maize production was the central economic activity.The people indigenous to the Caribbean include a few groups. These groups include the Taino people, who live in what is now known as Puerto Rico. The Taino were seafaring people whose largest towns contained around 3,000 people each which were considered immense in those times. The Arawak people of South America began migrating northward along the many scattered islands located between South and North America, an playing area we now refer to as the Caribbean. For a thousand years their population grew and the people lived in harmony.The people cover all the islands of the Caribbean, the major ones as they are now known Cuba, Puerto Rico and Hispaniola as well as all the smaller ones the Bahamas, Bimini, Jamaica etc. Certain groups of island people identified themselves as Lokono, Lucayan, Carib, Ciboney, Arawak, but most islands were in general inhabited by people who called themselves Taino, which stood for the good people in their language. The different groups intermarried extensively to strengthen ties amongst themselves. They were advised of a Divine presence that they called Yocahu, and to worship and give thanks was a major part of their lives. They had a social order that provided the leaders and guidelines by which they all lived.They hunted, fished, cultivated crops and ate the abundant fruits provided by spirit. They were slick and ingenious and had everything they needed to survive. They had beautiful ceremonies that were held at various times birth, death, marriage, harvest, naming and coming of age, to name a few. They had special reverence for the Earth Mother and had respect for all reinforcement things knowing that all living things are connected. There was little need for clothing due to the tropic heat, but upon reaching pubescence both males and females would wear a small woven loincloth.Puberty was also the time at which they were considered old enough to be married. The population estimates for the Taino people at the height of their culture are as elevated as 8,000,000. That was in 1492. The Indigenous people of the Andes include many different ethnic groups and were among the first groups discover by Christopher Columbus who called them indios. However, the most famous tribe in the Andes is the Incan tribe. Their language, Quechua is still in use today. The Incas of Cusco originally represented one of these small and relatively minor ethnic groups, the Quechuas.Gradually, as early as the thirteenth century, they began to expand and incorporate their neighbors. Inca expansion was slow until about the middle of the fifteenth century. The Inca were warriors with a industrial-strength and powerful army. Because of the fierceness of their army and their hierarchical organization, they became the largest Native American society. Quechua is the most widely spoken language and was the language of the Inca Empire. Tropical rainforests have long been home to indigenous peoples who have shaped civilizations and cultures based on the environment in which they live. Great civilizations like the Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs developed complex societies and made great contributions to science. Living from nature and lacking the technology to dominate their environment, native peoples have learned to watch their surroundings and understand the intricacies of the rainforest. everyplace generations these people have learned the importance of living within their environment and have come to swan on the countless renewable benefits that forests can provide. In Peru, it is estimated that there are at least 15 uncontacted tribes living in remote areas of the Peruvian Amazon Rainforest.These include the Tagaeri, Taromenane, uncontacted Matses, Cabellos Largos, Cashibo-Cacataibo, Isconahua, Murunahua, Mashco-Piro, Kugapakori, Nahua, Matsigenka, Mastanahua, Nanti and Yora tribes. Of an estimated 100 uncontacted tribes worldwide, about half of these people living in isolation from the rest of the world are thought to live in Peru and adjoining Brazil. After B razil, Peru has the largest number of uncontacted tribes and people living in isolation in the world. There are order principal areas in Peru where indigenous people are thought to be living in isolation. or so of these uncontacted indigenous Amazonians are believed to live in the remote border region of Peru with Brazil. Recently, the Brazilian government released photographic evidence that uncontacted Amazonian natives still exist in the area of the Peruvian border with Brazil. These natives with long hair are called the Cabellos Largos. The Matses tribe has many catch camps scattered in and around their lands in Peru and Brazil in the Javari River Valley. These hunting camps are only occupied for several months out of the year and usually have huts and cultivated gardens with indigenous crops such as plantains and cassava.Recently, the Matses have reported several encounters of long-haired uncontacted natives who have been harvesting some of the Matses gardens at these isolated hunting camps in the southernmost range of their territory in Peru. None of the males of previously contacted tribes in the Javari Valley sport long hair. In fact, tribes such as the Matses, Matis, Korubos and Marubos are renowned for having very of a sudden hair. Hence, the Matses referring to this uncontacted tribe as the Cabellos Largos, or the Long-Haired People. Uncontacted natives, related to the Cashibo-Cacataibo tribe, are thought to live in the area north of Tingo Maria in the foothills of the Andes Mountains. The Cashibo-Cacataibos speak a language in the Pano linguistic family and the word Cashibo actor bat. A group of the Cashibo-Cacataibos has chosen to live apart from the outside world by voluntarily insulate themselves. They live in the headwaters of the Aguaytia, Pisqui and San Alejandro Rivers in and around the Cordillera Azul National Park. These indigenous Amazonians are sometimes referred to as the Cacataibos in isolation or the Camanos. Cashibo-Cacataibo na tives in isolation know about the outside world and have chosen to live apart from it voluntarily. Many indigenous tribes in South America have survived to this day, and most of their cultures are still intact. Their languages are still spoken and their customs are still practiced and passed down to their children and its even easy to find people from these tribes living very close to modern cities. They live without most modern conveniences and annoying hassles like criminal background checks and embrace their roots. ? ReferencesThe Aztecs Introduction to the Aztec Civilization and Cultures. Retrieved on October 3, 2010 from http//www. aztec-indians. com/ The Taino Indians Native Americans of the Caribbean. Retrieved on October 2, 2010 from http//www. healing-arts. org/spider/tainoindians. htm Baniwa-Curripaco-Wakuenai History and Cultural Relations. Retrieved on October 3, 2010 from http//www. everyculture. com/South-America/Baniwa-Curripaco-Wakuenai-History-and-Cultural-Relati ons. html Central and Southern Andes.Retrieved on October 1, 2010 from http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/ht/?period=08ion=sanc/Overview Minnesota State University. Inca. Retrieved on October 3, 2010 from http//www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/prehistory/latinamerica/south/cultures/inca. html Pantone, Dan James. Welcome to Amazon-Indians. Retrieved on October 4, 2010 from http//www. amazon-indians. org Mariqueo, Reynaldo Calbucura, Jorge. The Mapuche Nation. Retrieved October 2, 2010 http//www. mapuche-nation. org/ slope/main/feature/m_nation. htm USA People Search. Native Peoples of Latin America. Retrieved October 4, 2010 http//www. usa-people-search. com/content-native-peoples-of-latin-america. aspx.

Corporate Governance in Australia After Hih Essay Example for Free

somatic regime in Australia After Hih EssayIn the light of various corporeal s faecal matterdals, regulative bodies and corporate politics were sicd under pressure by sh beholders and stakeholders to form a tighter grip in governing corporations contract. The obligations, roles and responsibilities of corporations stewards argon under scrutiny of Corporations make believe, listing rules, bucolics code of corporate governance, ethics as nearly as social standards.At the corresponding sentence, advocates of merchandise forces as a replacement to regulations and lawmaking dwell to pursue for foodstuff deregulation and liberalisation based on the believe that government intervention testament only distort resources allocation and hinder securities industry growth. The collapse of Australian lodge HIH Insurance Ltd (HIH) in 2001 was analysed in terms of its support and compliance to the Corporations venture, listing rules as well as code of corporate governance as released by the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) somatic cheek Council (CGC).Reforms in regulations and the collective Governance dogmas and Recomm destinationations 2007 by ASX CGC were used to recommend scoop up practices in corporate governance that should have taken place in HIH. Lastly, the effect of globalization and challenges to easily corporate governance resulting from globalization were discussed from the perspective of national government, regulatory bodies as well as the corporation itself.Justice Neville Owen, The magnificent Commissi acer in the HIH Royal Commission minimal brain dysfunctionress described corporate governance as the model of rules, relationships, systems and processes within and by which authority is exercised and takeled in corporations, and the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) Corporate Governance Council added that corporate governance relates to and puzzle outs how the objectives of the caller-out ar crop and achieved, ho w risk is monitored and assessed, and how performance is optimized (The HIH Royal Commission, 2003 ASX Corporate Governance Council, 2007).The meaning of corporate governance has evolved over time that, in the strictest sense, is colligate to the legislation that allows its existence. The law sets forth a ac companionships rights and responsibilities but this can differ from estimatery to country. However, it is generally accepted that corporate governance extends beyond the law to include a consideration of better(p) practices and business ethics (Birt, Chalmers, Beal, Brooks, Byrne, Oliver, 2008).The building of corporate governance as put forth by Farrar (2005) and correspond in the figure below illustrates the relationship within the corporate governance structure Figure The structure of corporate governance (Farrar, 2005). The issues surrounding the rights and responsibilities of corporations atomic soma 18 complex and ever changing as monetary markets get down more global, corporations become larger and more powerful, and societys perception of the corporate role changes.A school of thoughts advocates for market forces to be the regulator of the financial market. The neo? liberals assume that factor markets work efficiently without government intervention if property rights and competition are guaranteed. They considered government interventions as less efficient than market? based solutions and stresses that government interventions hamper private sector development and that government should concentrate on modify the enabling of business environment by deregulation (Emeseh, Ako, Okonmah, Obokoh, Ogechukwu, 2010).Neo-liberalism challenges the conventional structuralist orthodoxy of government intervention by mellowedlight the negative effects of financial repression on economic growth and development. They refer financial repression to be the set of government legal restrictions preventing financial intermediaries in the economy from fu nctioning at their full capacity. The distortion of domesticated financial markets through rules and legislation is claimed to have negative impact on economic growth. In essence, corporations should be relied on in the main to self? regulate in the critical aspect of business activities.Neo-liberalism has prompted many an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) countries to implement liberalisation and deregulation of their financial markets on the recommendations of the World Bank and IMF (Emeseh, Ako, Okonmah, Obokoh, Ogechukwu, 2010). The significant role of market forces in contributing to good corporate governance and strong corporate performance has for some time been emphasised in economic literature on the corporation and corporate law. In fact, advocates consider the influence of market forces to be an effective substitute for formal legal regulation (duPlessis, McConvill, Bagaric, 2005).However, through-out the last two decades, legislation reforms and corporate governance has in addition grown rapidly, particularly since the collapse of Enron Corporation in 2001 and the subsequent financial problems of other companies in various countries. As financial scandals continue to emerge, in that location will be go on attention placed on corporate governance issues, especially relating to transparency and disclosure, control and accountability, and the most provide form of tabular array structure that may be capable of preventing such scandals occurring in future (Mallin, 2007).In pursuance of good corporate governance, an area of interest would be how conductors conduct and decisions should be in the best interest of the company, its shareholders and other relevant stakeholders. In this context, the agency theory is a very suitable framework that can describe the problems associated with the principal-agent relationship caused by separation of ownership and control between shareholders (the principal) and directors (the agent) in corporations. breedin g asymmetry, moral hazard, difference in attitude towards risk and difference in interest between shareholders versus directors are common agency problems that would usually be at the expense of shareholders (Mallin, 2007 Rahman, Salim, 2010). For example, directors may have a wider set of economic and social needs (such as to maximize compensation, security, status and to boost their own reputation), while shareholders are interested only in maximizing return on investments.Furthermore, as directors are usually fix to the company on short term basis, they may be eager for short-run payoffs within their contract term, whereas shareholders interest would be based on long-term success. Australian companies have a unitary board structure and the regulatory framework for corporate governance and directors duties is governed by (i) Statute (notably the Corporations Act), (ii) Common law rules (for example, cases relating to directors duties), (iii) The companys constitution, and (iv) Guidelines issued by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) (Dibbs Barker Gosling Lawyers, 2003).ASIC plays a vital role in enforcing and ordinance company and financial services laws to protect Australian consumers, investors and creditors. It acts as Australias corporate regulator and administers various legislations including the Corporations Act 2001, Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001, etc. (Australian Securities Investments Commission, 2010a).By the Corporations Act, general duties imposed on directors and officers of companies are stated as (i) the duty to exercise their powers and duties with the care and diligence that a reasonable person would have which includes winning steps to procure they are properly informed about the financial position of the company and ensuring the company doesnt trade if it is insolvent, (ii) the duty to exercise their powers and duties in good faith in the best interests of the company and for a p roper purpose, (iii) the duty not to improperly use their position to gain an advantage for themselves or someone else, or to cause detriment to the company, and (iv) the duty not to improperly use information obtained through their position to gain an advantage for themselves or someone else, or to cause detriment to the company (Australian Securities Investments Commission, 2010b). beyond their legal duties and obligations, directors are also expected to meet commercial expectations in the interest of stakeholders, which include, but are not limited to, shareholders. These commercial expectations prerequisitely require directors to drive the lav line and provide appropriate shareholder returns.Taking it a step further, many directors of today are challenged to embrace triple bottom line reporting and consider the economic, social and environmental ramifications of their corporate activities (Lucy, 2006). While the scope and laws governing the conduct of directors are wide and many, intentional and unintentional breach has shocked the financial market and public numerously. work on today, HIH Insurance Ltd (HIH) that went into liquidation in early 2001 is well remembered by almost every Australian as a collapse caused by mismanagement of the company, and various board members were brought to court on charges including giving delusory information with the intention of deceiving other board members and the companys canvassor.As one of Australias largest insurers, the company ran into debts of over AUD$5 billion and subsequent to the collapse, the government carried out an expensive exercise to underwrite many of the failed policies (Mallin, 2007). According to the HIH Royal Commission Report on the failure of HIH, it was concluded that investigators did not find shammer or embezzlement to be behind the collapse. The failure was more the result of attempts to paper over the cracks caused by over-priced acquisitions (notably FAI Insurance Ltd) and too muc h corporate extravagance based on a mis innovationion that the money was there in the business. The primary reason for the huge loses was that adequate provision had not been do for insurance claims and sometime(prenominal) claims on policies had not been properly priced.HIH was mismanaged in the area of its core business activity (Bailey, 2003). In chorus, the HIH Royal Commission report fundamentally states that the main reasons for the failure of HIH was poor management and greed characterised by (i) a lack of attention to detail and skills, (ii) a lack of accountability for performance, and (iii) a lack of integrity in the companys internal processes and systems (Nicholson, 2008). Justice Neville Owen further commented in the report on what was the essence of good corporate governance The governance of a public company should be about stewardship. Those in control have a duty to act in the best interests of the company.They must(prenominal) use the companys resources producti vely. They must understand that those resources are not personal property. The last years of HIH were marked by poor leadership and inept management. Indeed, an attitude of homely indifference to, or deliberate disregard of, the companys underlying problems pervades the affairs of the group. (The HIH Royal Commission, 2003). The above comment can be loosely translated to say that the directors of HIH have failed their duties. Notably, in April 2005, Mr Ray Williams, the former Chief Executive police officer ( chief executive officer) of HIH, was sentenced to four-and-a-half years jail with a non-parole goal of two years and nine months.Mr Williams sentencing follows ASICs productive civil penalty proceedings on the three cruel charges which Mr. William pleaded guilty to. The three criminal charges were (i) that he was reckless and failed to properly exercise his powers and discharge his duties for a proper purpose as a director of HIH Insurance Limited when, on 19 October 200 0, he signed a letter that was misleading, (ii) that he charge the issue of a prospectus by HIH on 26 October 1998 that contained a cloth omission, and (iii) that he made or authorised a financial statement in the 1998-99 Annual Report, which he knew to be misleading, that overstated the run profit before abnormal items and income tax by $92. 4 million (Australian Securities Investments Commission, 2005a).ASICs HIH investigation also led to criminal prosecutions of 9 other former senior executives, including directors of FAI, HIH and associated entities on 31 Corporations and Crimes Act charges. Of high public interest was Mr Rodney Adler, a former director of HIH and the majority owner of FAI was sentenced to four-and-a-half years jail, with a non-parole period of two-and-a-half years, on four charges arising from his conduct as a director of the HIH group of companies in 2000. ASICs chair, Mr Jeffrey Lucy, in his public statement said, Mr Adler was in a position of trust as a director of HIH but he put his own financial interests before the interests of HIH shareholders (Australian Securities Investments Commission, 2005b).Mr Adler was sentenced after pleading guilty to four criminal charges (i) two counts of disseminating information on 19 and 20 June several(prenominal)ly, knowing it was false in a material particular and which was likely to induce the purchase by other persons of shares in HIH contrary to s999 Corporations Act 2001, (ii) one count of obtaining money by false or misleading statements, contrary to s178BB Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), and (iii) one count of cosmos intentionally dishonest and failing to discharge his duties as a director of HIH in good faith and in the best interests of that company contrary to s184(1)(b) Corporations Act 2001 (Australian Securities Investments Commission, 2005b). HIHs disastrous business ventures in U. K. , U. S. , acquisition of FAI Insurance Ltd. nd the Allianz joint venture were identified as what ulti mately brought HIH down. These instances of poor decision-making were caused by and reflect a poor corporate governance culture. Corporate governance issues identified included (i) an over-dominant CEO whose decisions were never questioned, (ii) an ineffective chairman who failed his responsibility to oversee the functioning of the board, (iii) an ineffective board who failed to grasp the concept of conflicts of interest, and was unable to monitor and does not question management performance, (iv) inappropriate conduct in remuneration view and performance measurement (mostly made by Mr.Williams who, although not a member of the committee, attended all encounters by invitation), (v) an ineffective audit committee who showed no concern with risk management and internal control, and (vi) compromised auditor liberty (the auditing company was Arthur Andersen and HIHs board had three former Andersens partners one of them was the chair of the board yet act receiving fees under a consu ltancy agreement. Andersens also derived significant fees from non-audit work which gave rise to a conflict of interest with their audit obligations) (Lipton, 2003). Subsequent to HIHs collapse, The Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (Audit Reform and Corporate Disclosure) Act 2004 (commonly known as CLERP 9) came into force on 1 July 2004. CLERP 9 incorporated a number of recommendations made in the HIH Royal Commission Report. Reforms were made relating to (i) disclosure of directors remuneration, (ii) financial reporting, (iii) auditors independence, (iv) regular disclosure, and (v) enhanced penalty provisions.CLERP 9 also deals with accounting standards, expensing of options, compliance controls, and encouragement of greater shareholder participation at meeting all of which represents a significant development in the corporate law framework (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, 2005 Alcoc, Bicego, 2003). Prior to CLERP 9 coming into force, advocates of corporate governance were delig hted with Australian commonplace Exchange Limited (ASX) release of the ASX Corporate Governance Councils (CGC) Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Best Practice testimonys in March 2003. ASX CGC adopted the same principles based approach as taken in the UK Combined Code which governs entities listed on the London Stock Exchange. ASX listed entities are at liberty not to comply with the recommendations, but if they do not, they must explain why not. The Guidelines were built on the belief that one size does not fit all companies.The Guidelines contained 10 essential Corporate Governance Principles (Principles) and 28 Best Practice Recommendations (Recommendations) which was later revised in August 2007 as Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations (Guidelines) comprising of 8 Principles and 26 Recommendations (Farrell, Harding, Spilsbury, 2003). The Guidelines also reflect ASX CGCs emphasis in continuous disclosure by listed companies. Each Principle has a Guide t o reporting about the Recommendations at the end of the chapter discussing what should be described and where. Under ASX Listing Rule 4. 10. 3, companies are required to provide a statement in their annual report, disclosing the extent to which they have followed the Recommendations in the reporting period.Where companies have not followed all the Recommendations, they must identify the Recommendations that have not been followed and give reasons for not following them the if not, why not approach (ASX Corporate Governance Council, 2007). In relation to HIHs case, a number of the Guidelines Principles provide fairly extensive reportage of corporate governance issues identified in HIH earlier. Principle 1 highlights the need for companies to establish and disclose the respective roles and responsibilities of the board and management. In the 2007 edition, the Guidelines added the Recommendation 1. 2 for companies to disclose the process for evaluating the performance of senior execu tives (ASX Corporate Governance Council, 2007). This Principle serves to provide disclosure in relation to HIHs situation of an over-dominant CEO and ineffective chairman and board.Where HIH was highlighted to have a board that was ineffective and failed its duties, Principle 2 states that companies need to structure the board to add value with an effective composition, size and commitment to adequately discharge its responsibilities and duties. Recommendations in the principle placed splendour in having a majority of the board and the chairman being independent directors to ensure independence in board decisions and prevent conflict of interest. Recommendation 2. 4 suggests that companies should establish a nomination committee to ensure appropriate selection and appointment practices in the company. This Recommendation also provides resolution in relation to HIHs case whereby the board was mostly made up of directors hired by Mr.William, including the former Andersen partners. In the 2007 edition, the Guidelines added the Recommendation 2. 5 for companies to disclose the process for evaluating the performance of the board, its committees and individual directors (previously this was part of Principle 8 in the 2003 edition, title encourage enhance performance). This Recommendation helps to ensure directors are given access to continuing breeding to update and enhance their skills and knowledge that are necessary in performing their duties (ASX Corporate Governance Council, 2007). Principle 3 discusses how companies should promote ethical and responsible decision-making.Beyond legal obligations, directors are expected to make decisions that encounter not only the companys shareholders but other stakeholders as well (this principal includes uniting from Principle 10 of the 2003 edition Guidelines which was to recognize the legitimate interests of stakeholders). To achieve this, Recommendation 3. 1 encourages companies to establish and disclose their code o f conduct pertaining to integrity practices, legal practices and handling of unethical practices. Aligned with this, Recommendation 3. 2 promotes the organization and disclosure of companys policy concerning trading in company securities by directors, senior executives and employees (ASX Corporate Governance Council, 2007). Relating to Principle 3 and Principle 7 titled recognize and manage risk,HIH has been good questioned of its various business decisions, mostly of which contributed to huge loses and ultimately the companys insolvency. Criticized decisions made by the company are many, and on top of the list include (i) the acquisition of FAI Insurance (majority-owned by Mr. Adler who later became a member of HIHs board of directors) for A$300 million which FAI was later estimated to be worth erect A$100 million, (ii) re-entering the California market in 1998 and failure to take the difficult decision to yield the market when it proved unprofitable, and (iii) the decision to enter a sector (insurance and re-insurance of film-financing) that has proved problematic for many market participants in London (Cagan, 2001).The lack of risk management within HIH was apparent and Mr. Adlers unethical conduct was evident with his imprisonment. In view of the importance of risk management, Recommendation 7. 1 urges companies to establish policies for the over sketch and management of material business risks (that is financial risks and non-financial risks) and disclose a summary of those policies while Recommendation 7. 2 call for the board to require management to design and implement risk management and internal control system to manage the companys material business risks and report to it on whether those risks are being managed effectively.

Resume Revision Essay Example for Free

Resume Revision EssayFINANCIAL ANALYSTGoal-oriented, fiscal / stage business Analyst with experience in Residential and Commercial Lending. Quickly learns new tasks and adapts to a changing environment. good leadership skills, pursuing a career with a well-established family in the commercial lending industry. gain a solid reputation for being diligent, hard-working, and detail-oriented. slight verbal and written communication skills solid look out on of the English language. Demonstrates in-depth knowledge of banking dusts and providing clientele with business expertise in specialized impart application processing, booking, and serve systems. Functional Areas of Expertise Personal AssetsRecords Document ManagementCredit AnalysisContract AdministrationFinancial RevenueResidential mortgagesReal Estate Financial AnalysisReport Management loan touchCommercial LendingOffice ManagementCustomer Service ExcellenceHighly OrganizedDetail-Oriented in force(p) / CreativeHard Work ing / ReliableSelf-MotivatedTeam Player / Positive AttitudeResults OrientedExcellent Time Management SkillsExcellent Communication SkillsCrisis/Problem Resolution SkillsExcellent Interpersonal SkillsFluent in English SpanishPROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCEBank of America, Waltham, MA 2006-PresentCollateral Loan Administrator II / Booking CoordinatorConducts creed and financial analysis and prepares summaries to determine credit-worthiness for commercial bring nodes.Reviews loan documentation and determines if loan transactions are ready for AFS processing.Effectively resolves issues arising from the loan packages and ensures all transactions are prepared for funding. rush along any loan disbursements and advances such as wire transfers, debits or credits to DDA accounts. Process check requisitions for recording fees.Accurately files Collateral Lien documentation including UCCs, Mortgages or Deed of Trusts, Life Insurance Assignments, Vehicle Titles through and through Ilien submission o f UCC-1. F. Forwards documents directly to the pertinent Registry of Deeds for recording.Implements exception tracking and standardization of verificatory files, maintaining control of bank collateral. Inputs loans on the banks system of record, ACTION and AFS.Responsible for data accuracy and timely period of the booking and the collateral process.Performs research and collaborates with line partners regarding loans.Maintains Real Estate, Letters of Credit, Business Banking and Commercial Banking deals.Leader Mortgage Company, Arlington, MA 2004-2006Senior Loan ProcessorReviewed and underwrote first and second mortgage loans approved by DU.Complied with Investors Underwriting Guidelines by assigning and signing off on conditions.Prepared 20 to 30 loans for closing from the companys monthly pipeline adhering to company deadlines.Researched and gathered required information to process and complete loan files.Analyzed documents to ensure accuracy and compliance with existing underwr iting guidelines.Continuepage 1 of 2YENNIFERT ADRIANZA page TwoPROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE(Continued)Leader Mortgage Company, continuedPrepared loan application packages, including trueness in Lending, Good Faith Estimate, and all necessary disclosures.Ordered and reviewed appraisals to ensure compliance with DU and Investors requirements.Conducted credit analysis and DUs for loan applications.Citizens Mortgage Corporation, Woburn, MA 2003-2004Assistant Loan OfficerIdentified and aided prospective clients in the loan application process.Verified applications and approved loans utilizing Loan Soft in coaction with clients during and face-to-face interviews.Prepared pre-approval letters and loan packages for qualified candidates for Residential Mortgages with products such as Soft-Second, FHA, MFHA, Conventional 30, 15, and 20 year Mortgages, Acorn, Aurora (Adjustable Mortgages), and all programs ruled by Fannie Mae Guidelines.Boston Federal Savings Bank, Burlington, MA 2001-2002Invest or Loan SpecialistMaintained and serviced Investor Loans such as Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and other outside Banks, and internal Home Loans.Performed excellent customer service and prepared monthly reconciliation of investor accounts.Trained new employees, and prepared daily reports required by Freddie Mac.State Street Bank, Boston, MA 2000Loan AdministratorMaintained collateral records for bank loans and performed system to system and cash reconciliation on a daily basis.Calculated clients monthly payments to match the custodian banks records and company records.EDUCATIONBOSTON UNIVERSITY, Boston, MAMaster of Science in Administrative Studies, 2004 assimilation Financial Markets InstitutionsNORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, Boston, MABachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration, 2001Concentration financeCOMPUTER PROFICIENCIESMicrosoft Office Outlook Email ACTION AFS InternetFDES BA Direct Ilien Calyx Point DU investDatalink Bankers Window Mortgage Links (for Fannie Mae Loans) Microsoft ProjectMidanet (for Freddie Mac Loans) AS 400 Project 2000

Explain Kants Theory of Ethics Essay Example for Free

Explain Kants Theory of Ethics EssayKant was born in 1724-1804, he was a German studyer from East Prussia (now Russia), and he spent his whole flavor in his hometown. Kant cute to create a logical, stand-alone theory that wasnt fitting based on assumptions, he rememberd in an objective undecomposed or wrong that is decided on reason and that we shouldnt do the right thing just be reason its right and non to fulfil our desires. Can we lead a life following his ideals atomic number 18 there not some situations where a perfect lesson decision cannot be made, ar all our choices fuelled by somebodyal gain and desire?He has a deontological and absolute start step to the fore to ethics, to Kant what makes an action great is when you do your duty and that ones duty is to always flow the moral law. We should not act out of love or compassion. The motive is what makes an action good nothing else The consequences to Kant are meaningless its the act itself that needs to be righ t an drill of his thinking would be its disgraceful to kill 1 man in order to save 10. For Kant the fact that we ought to do something implies that it is possible to do it.Thus moral statements are prescriptive they prescribe an action. Ought implies can, if I ought to do X, it office I can do X. Kant as well as believed that moral statements are a priori (knowable prior to experience) and synthetic, that they can be verified by our empirical evidence so are either true or false. Kant send forward the idea of two overbearings the hypothetical unequivocal, these are not moral commands and they dont pass to everyone. In Kants eyes you only need to obey them if you want to achieve a indisputable goal.An example of this would be that Kant observed that the word ought is often utilise none morally, for example if you want to render a better artist or guitarist, you ought to practice. On the other hand Kant overly proposed the insipid Imperative, these are moral commands that can be universalised and do not depend on anything else. Whereas the hypothetical imperative requires you to go from a to b because matte imperative only requires you to just do a. Duties for duties sake this related to the categorical imperative.Kant then(prenominal) goes on to the 3 saws, frontmost off to test a moral maxim as its a universal law either everyone should follow it or everyone should reject it. The first maxim is Your action should be able to be universalised before you act in a certain way, would you like everyone in the same situation to act in the same way. If not, then you are involved in a contradiction it goes against reason, so at that principle of action talent safely be made of law for the whole world if you were to take lying through the first maxim its clear it would fail as that would mean everyone would be lying to one another and swan is completely destroyed.The second maxim is Dont treat people as a means to an end Kant strongly believed that you can never use human beings as a means to an end, to intercept or enslave them. Humans to Kant are all the highest focus of creation and so demand a unique treatment. This guarantees that all individuals are afforded the moral principles therefore no humans can be used for the sake of others, he also explained that we have a duty to develop our own perfection, developing our moral, mind and physical capabilities.We also have a duty to seek the happiness of others as long as that is within the law and allows the liberty of others. Always recognise that human individually are ends and do not use them as a means to your end therefore you cant lie for example to further your own needs at the cost of using someone. Kants final and third maxim work towards a kingdom of ends this is an overall culmination of the first two, everyone should act as if every person was a end and that moral choices be based on any empirical consideration slightly human nature, human flourishing or huma n destiny.However it needs to be clear that disrespect this autonomy this does not mean that everyone can just decide their own morality barely quite an that each individual has the ability to understand the principles of pure practical reason and follow them. It is impartial and mustiness apply to everyone. If one maxim is disproved then the law becomes immoral and cant be universalised. Kant also talked about good will and duty, to Kant the greatest good or summon bonum is what Kant terms as good will. Someone of good will is not good because of what they achieve (the consequence) merely because he/she acts out of duty. heartfelt will to Kant is the only thing that is truly pure, as we can get our reasoning wrong or it can be manipulated, but to have the good will to perform your duty cannot be manipulated or got wrong. Kant contrasted doing your duty with giving into your emotions or doing what you feel like. The main two meanings of duty come into conflict as the first thou ght meaning of duty is to obey your superior, this is what the Nazi soldiers claimed innocence about when they were trialled for war crimes they were just following orders but is that moral?To obey the moral law do the right thing and think a situation through is Kants meaning of duty Good will shines forth like a precious jewel Kant. Kants theory of ethics seems to grant freedom to do anything that can be universalised. This sets the limits but does not give guidance therefore in order for it to make sense Kant proposed the three postulates, the founding of god, freedom and immorality. We know that morality can exist because we can observe it. However we must be free to perform it as otherwise the act wouldnt be truly moral. Morality and freedom must come from somewhere to Kant this is God. Kant argues that there must be a God and an hereafter as there has to be some sort of reward.As we cannot be perfect in this life. This is known as reaching the summon bonum that I mentioned e arlier, as this cannot be achieved in this life, there must be an afterlife where this can be achieved. For Kant, morality leads to God. Part B Assess the view that it is always right to persist ones promises. In Kants view immorality occurs when the categorical imperative is not followed when a person attempts to set a different standard for themselves then for the rest of humanity. In the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, once Kant has derived his categorical imperative he applies it to a number of examples.The second example and probably the most analysed is that of an unfaithful promise. Kant applies his imperative to a person who is short of money who intends to ask for a loan, promising to repay it, but with no intention of doing so. When Kant applies the categorical imperative to this situation he discovers that it leads to a contradiction, for if breaking promises were to become universal then no person would ever agree to a promise and promises would disappear. Kan t connects rationality with morality, and sees contradictory behaviour as immoral.Some critics have argued that Kant never asserts the connection between rationality and morality, but most dismiss this and point out that Kant clearly explains how morality must be based upon reason and not upon desires. Another flunk is that what if your friend told you a secret that he was planning to murder someone, it would be your obligation to keep it but is that morally right? Could that surpass the 3 maxims, in the second maxim there can be no use of one individual for the sake of another, are you forsaking the person that is plan to be murdered just to keep a promise.However on the other hand there are strengths to Kants way of thinking as it means everyone single human has intrinsic value, actions are based on reason and logic and there are 3 straightforward maxims that need to be followed so it cuts out many grey areas as if it simply doesnt follow the maxims it cant be universalised. se parate theories, utilitarianism for example would say it would be wrong to keep a promise of a secret of planned bomb attack that would kill hundreds as you would be saving hundreds of lives by informing the police.Utilitarians believe that the outcome outweighs the action. In my opinion I agree with Kant theory as I believe there needs to be trust between people, as relationships with people would mean nothing also its a matter of honour if you gave your word to someone I will promise you this etc. then it has to be in the best of your ability to fulfil it if its a good cause and not unjust. However in extreme cases such as say the promise of keeping a secret of a planned terrorist attack I would have to side with the utilitarian approach.

The effect of acid rain on building materials Essay Example for Free

The effect of astringent rain on building materials EssayDue to dissolved carbon dioxide rainwater is naturally acidic in the wee of the weak carbonic acid. However burn outes such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause acid rain, which is answerable for the corrosion of buildings and damage to the wildlife. The burning of fossil fuels releases these gases into the atmosphere when the small quantities of sulphur react with the oxygen in the air, forming sulphur dioxide. The aim of this investigation is to investigate the way in which one factor alters the rate of wearing away of building materials such as stonework and metals. To conduct this try I can use marble chips (calcium carbonate) or magnesium ribbon and in place of sulphuric acid dilute hydrochloric acid go out be used. This is because sulphuric acid produces an insoluble salt which prevents any further reaction with the acid. The two possible equations for the experiment are 1) Mg + 2HCl MgCl + H 2) CaCO? + 2HCl CaCl + CO + H O I have decided to conduct my experiment using magnesium ribbon and so equation 1 will be used. here is a list of the factors which I could investigate book of acid Concentration of acid. Temperature of reaction Mass/ length of magnesium ribbon Particle size (no. of unclothes of magnesium) The factor which I have decided to investigate is the account book of hydrochloric acid. The range of tidy sums I have opted to use are 10cmi , 20cmi , 30cmi , 40cmi and 50cmi. The concentration of acid will remain at 2M throughout the investigation and the investigation will be conducted at room temperature. Also 1 strip of magnesium ribbon of mass 0. 05g will be used throughout the investigation.For each volume of acid used I will time how long it takes for 50cmiof hydrogen gas to be produced and collected in a gas syringe. Apparatus Conical Flask (with bung) 100cmi gas syringe Scales Measuring cylinder stop watch Hypothesis I believe that as the volume of acid i ncreases so will the rate of gas produced. This is because there will be much acid molecules and so there will be more chance of collisions between the magnesium and hydrochloric acid, thus a higher rate of reaction. I believe that the volume of acid will be directly proportional to the rate of reaction and so the following will be trueTherefore, if the volume of acid is doubled then the rate of gas produced should double. Diagram manner First of all the gas syringe was connected to the conical flask. 0. 05g of magnesium ribbon was weighed using the scales and displace inside the conical flask. The first volume of 2M hydrochloric acid, 10cmi , was measured out using a measuring cylinder and then added to the flask. Simultaneously the stop watch was started and the bung was placed on the conical flask. When 50cmi hydrogen had been collected the stopwatch was stopped.This was repeated 3 times with each of the volumes of hydrochloric acid, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50cmi. For each volume an average time was careful and then using that time the rate of reaction was calculated with the following equation Rate (cmi /s) = Volume of gas produced (cmi ) Time (s) Results Time Taken (s) Volume of HCl (cmi ) see 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Average Reading Rate of Reaction (cmi /s).

Endocrine disrupting compounds and human fertility Essay Example for Free

Endocrine disrupting compounds and benignant impressiveness EssayIn the past 100 categorys, valet contract introduced several hundreds of new compounds into the environment, which echtly have affected the physiology of both plants and animals including humans (Propper, 2005). In most cases these detrimental effects atomic number 18 unintended and it was not predicted before that these compounds could have such(prenominal)(prenominal) effects on organisms. wherefore the actual mechanisms by which these compounds affect physiological functions of other organisms are not yet properly researched.When such compounds affect the internal secretion systems they are called endocrinal disrupting compounds. These compounds would affect dissimilar hormonal pathways and physiological functions such as reproduction, development, metabolism and even the behavior of humans and other animals. The present essay is intended to identify more or less of the endocrine disrupting compound s that affect human fertility, the mechanism of affecting, to analyze the weight of diametric evidences available and to analyze the flow rate investigation techniques.Endocrine disrupting compounds have been defined as an exogenous agent that interferes with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of congenital hormones in the body which are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, reproduction, development and/or behavior (Kavloc et al. , 1996). The United States environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has accepted this definition as the most appropriate one in the year 2004. These compounds are capable of interfering with normal signaling mechanisms of the endocrine system.Either they could block or cause changes in the synthesis of hormones, or they could mimic some of the endocrine compounds, thereby affecting the tar exact organs. They could too affect the release of these hormones from the concerned glands and its transportation. They could also bind with the specific molecules to which hormone binds. These compounds are usually seen in pesticides, industrial effluents, pharmaceutical compounds, etc. Heavy metals also could induce endocrine disruption. Waste urine effluents from cities as substantially as from agricultural fields are sources of such compounds.The neuro- endocrine system might also get affected by these compounds causing changes in the reproductive organs and associated behaviors in humans. Most of the researches in this filed are concentrated towards the effect of these compounds on estrogen and other steroids responsible for reproduction (Propper, 2005). According to Caserto et al. (2008) these compounds could affect human heath seriously even when present in very small amounts. This is especially because many such chemicals would be these affecting a single target.There are many studies which reveal that waste water discharge in to natural waters have resulted in the changes in reproductive or gans of aquatic fauna. This is because of the presence of 17 beta estradiol, estrogens, androgens, etc, in wastewater. These compounds are highly stable and therefore could not be removed completely from wastewater by various treatment procedures to reclaim the water. Traces of these compounds would be present in the drinking water, which is prepared from these natural waters into which the wastewater has been disposed.Bioaccumulation of these compounds in humans is expected to affect fertility (Falconer, 2006). Wagner and Oehlmann (2009) have conducted a study to determine the level of endocrine disrupting compounds in usual food stuffs of humans and they selected bottled mineral water as one of the sources of this compounds. The effort was taken based on the fact that endocrine disrupting hormones reaches the body of human mainly through foodstuffs. They used estrogen receptor alpha for the identification.They found that the mineral waters in credit card bottles are seriously con taminated with phthalates that are getting leached into the water from plastic bottle. Thus it was proved beyond doubt that endocrine disrupting compounds are present in plastic wares and elongated use of plastic wares to store food would result in increased level of these compounds in the foodstuffs with a deleterious effect on fertility. According to Rhind (2005) there is an urgent need to study the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on animals.Very little is known regarding the concentration of these compounds in the disparate tissues of animals, the concentration required to come a deleterious effect on the animals, effect of prolonged exposure to an single compound, the effects of different classes of compounds, effect of the exposure to more than one compounds at a time etc. With the available randomness it is possible to establish that the endocrine disrupting compounds in the environment is affecting human health adversely with a high impact on fertility. The effe ct of these endocrine disrupting compounds on human reproduction is different for different compounds.Compounds such as diethylstilbestrol affect female reproductive system and cause abnormal follicular growth, ovulation, abnormal formation of corpus luteum and the overall maintenance of ovary would be affected. It would also affect the normal familiar differentiation in females. Pregnancy would be affected because of the negative effects on fertilization and implantation of the embryo in the uterus. Another pollutant called dioxin has been reported to cause endometriosis in women, which is a very fearful disease that leads to infertility (Crisp et al. , 1998).There are some compounds, which are naturally occuring such as phytoestrogens produced by plant that could mimic the properties of estrogens produced by humans (Caserta et al. , 2008). Natural sex hormones are used extensively for different purposes in farms as well as in urban areas and there is every chance that these wou ld suit harmful to non-targeted organisms including humans because of the concentrating effect. There are many evidences, which prove that environmental contaminants are causing problems in female fecundity as well as fertility (Louis et al. , 2006).There are evidences to prove that puberty, menstruation, endometriosis, pregnancy, ageing period for reproduction etc are affected by exposure to these compounds. Diethyl stilbestrol was given to pregnant women during 1950s to prevent miscarriage. But later on due to the adverse effects of these compounds most of the kids developed abnormalities. in conclusion the compound was withdrawn from the market. The female child produced in such cases developed menstrual abnormalities, vaginal hypoplasia, emergent abortion, premature delivery, uterine malformation and overall low fertility.If the child is a male, it was found to develop testicular dysgenesis syndrome (Milhan 1992). Maternal exposure during pregnancy and exposure to these compo unds present in the mothers milk during the antenatal period are believed to be the reasons for such defects. This occurs due to the lipophilic nature of these compounds, which in turn gets stored in the adipose tissues of the mother. This is one of the strongest evidences of the deleterious effect of these compounds on human reproductive system. There are reports that evidence that human sperm production has decreased in the past 50 years.Although accurate evidence is not there, the reasons for this decrease is attributed to the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds in the environment (Crisp, 1998). Leydig cells tumors are increasingly believed to be caused by this factor. like is the case of prostrate crabby person. Studies conducted in Coke-oven workers have revealed that there has been an increase of mortality among them due to prostrate cancer due to occupational exposure to these compounds. However more research is required to find out the actual cause of this cancer, whether it is due to endocrine disruption by any chemicals in the environment.

Psychology, IT and Individualism Essay Example for Free

psychology, IT and Individualism EssayAs information technology continues to develop with more stack getting exposed to it, numerous changes are similarly taking place the field of psychology. Previously, some IT analysts frequently argued that psychology was taking longer than enough to impose and adopt technological advancements. However, recent researches indicate that the practices and methods applied in psychology have capitally change as a result of changes in information technology. First, the internet has been one of the major latest campaigns in psychology it is extremely associated with psychopathology (Wilson 2004). For instance, depression and loneliness have often been connected to the excess riding habit of the internet since it results to addiction. Secondly, there is the single-valued function of information technology in counseling and psychformer(a)apy. This is currently being through via the internet this has resulted to some lack of privacy and co nfidentiality as well as loss of effectiveness in the practice since some important features such as facial expression and verbal expression has been broken (Wilson 2004).IT is also applied in research and development in psychology to enhance further emergence and generation of useful knowledge. For instance, the authors of the current DSM IV-TR applied computerized criteria in revising the classification of disorders in the manual to tot with a less flawless criterion of categorizing disorders and disabilities. Using IT, todays psycho healers have been able to find numerous improvements in the way through which they can reach, counsel and correspond with their guests (discussed in the next section) (Azucena, Hunter, 2001).The increase of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy refers to private individual counseling by professional psychotherapists. As a highly growing trend in psychology, psychotherapy is used by psychotherapists to assist them in developing deliberate interpersonal rel ationships with their clients as a strategy for helping the patient to improve their well being. The trend applies many modern techniques of building closer relationships with the patients such as face to face dialogues, home phone calls and weak visits of the therapist to the client (Azucena, Hunter, 2001).This trend is basically aimed at improving the mental health of the patient through interpersonal relationships. This represents a great shift in the nature of counseling psychology, psychiatry, occupational therapy, clinical psychology and other related fields in psychology. In essence, psychotherapy is not a current trend in the field of psychology since over the years, people have received private reassurance and counsel from others what is new and becoming increasingly famous in psychology is the application of modern and deliberate professional techniques in psychotherapy.Such releasing techniques include online counseling whereby a therapist handles client personally th rough creating client accounts where he can easily relate with the client on one-on-one(but not face-to-face) bases (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999). Most of the new psychotherapeutic techniques are possible because of the advancements in the use of information technology in the field of psychology as discussed above. For instance, therapists encourage clients to use social networks to be able to communicate easily with them and their families.In addition, they also enjoy the use of phone calls whereby clients are free to call their physicians at any time of the day so that they can discuss their issues at convenience. However, modern psychotherapy is not without a number of flaws. Recently, concerns have greatly risen concerning the advancement of individualism in psychotherapy (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999). Psychotherapy encourages individualism on both the therapist and the client.Individualism is a term used in psychology to refer to ways through which people recognize themselves only a nd concentrate on individual goals as opposed to collectivism. In this sense, psychotherapist no longer view psychotherapy as a collective discipline that require combined efforts with other experts in the field since they are in a position to carry out counseling and psychiatry without involving anybody elsethey can visit their clients at home, chat with them online and make home phone class with them.This has resulted to a great settle in the success of psychology as a collective discipline (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999 Azucena, Hunter, 2001). Conclusion The use IT in psychology and the advancement in psychotherapy are important developments in psychology and should be highly encouraged. However, it is upon therapists and other psychological professionals to ensure that this new trends are used effectively to prevent the decline evident in cooperation among professional bodies in the field of psychology due to individualism.References Azucena, P. G. , Hunter, H. G. (2001) Redefining Therapeutic Success with practical(prenominal) Reality Exposure Therapy, Cyber-psychology Behavior, 4(3), pp. 484-489. Fowers, B. J. , Tredinnick, M. G. (1999). Individualism and psychotherapy are psychologists leading or following individualistic trends? Counseling, Psychology Quarterly, 12(3) pp. 303-313 Wilson, J. T. et al (2004). Current trends in psychology and the behavioral sciences. University of Pittsburgh press Pittsburgh, PA.